Last year, Congress passed the CHIPS and Science Act, which, besides shoring up the American semiconductor industry, also significantly increased federal spending on scientific research. Both the Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation came away with substantial boosts. The “and Science” part of the bill comes from the Endless Frontier Act, a bipartisan proposal from early 2020 to boost public investment in research and development. Congress has also increased science funding through the ordinary appropriations process, including large bumps for another major research agency, the National Institutes of Health.
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