The Affordable Care Act (ACA) has twice survived a near-death experience at the hands of the judiciary. In 2012, the Supreme Court in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius narrowly upheld the ACA's individual mandate as a valid exercise of Congress's taxing power. But it also held that Congress could not compel the states to expand Medicaid to cover working-age adults, which left millions of Americans uninsured. In its June 2015 decision in King v. Burwell, the Court decisively rejected a claim that the federal marketplaces lack authority under the ACA to issue the premium tax credits that make health insurance affordable to lower-income Americans.
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